Recent insights into the genetic diversity, epidemiology and clinical relevance of Blastocystis species

Blastocystis is a widely prevalent intestinal protozoan of man and other animals. It is associated with gastro intestinal disorders and symptoms. Emerging literature suggests that several subtypes of this parasite exist and are responsible for virulence, pathogenicity and symptoms. A variety of new diagnostic methods have been developed which help to recognize genotypic variations, subtype relationship and determination of carrier state. In symptomatic patients, when the other etiological agents have been excluded, it is prudent to treat Blastocystis infection. Metronidazole remains the drug of choice for treatment. Further research is required to shed light on taxonomy, biology and virulence of this organism.